methods, notes and classification HICP - monthly data (12-month average rate of change) methods, notes and classification

DATA_DESCR Harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICPs) give comparable measures of inflation for the countries and country groups for which they are produced. They are economic indicators that measure the change over time of the prices of consumer goods and services acquired by households. In other words, they are a set of consumer price indices (CPIs) calculated according to a harmonised approach and a single set of definitions. In particular, HICPs provide the official measure of consumer price inflation in the euro area for the purposes of monetary policy and the assessment of inflation convergence as required under the Maastricht criteria for accession to the euro. HICPs are available for all EU Member States, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. In addition to the individual country series there are three key country-group aggregate indices: the Monetary Union Index of Consumer Prices (MUICP or EA) covering the euro area countries, the European index of consumer prices (EICP or EU) including all Member States, and the European Economic Area index of consumer prices (EEAICP), which in addition to the EU also covers Iceland and Norway. The official country-group aggregates reflect the evolution of Economic and monetary union, the EU and the EEA. HICPs for new Member States are chained into the aggregate indices at the time of accession. In addition to these official aggregates, Eurostat computes also country aggregates with stable composition over time. For example, the aggregate 'EU-28' shows price indices covering all current 28 Member States since 1997. There are also interim HICPs for candidate countries: Croatia and Turkey. It is expected that once those countries accede to the EU their HICPs will be fully comparable with those of the existing Member States. For USA only all-items proxy-HICP is available. The national HICPs are produced by National Statistical Institutes, while the country-group aggregates are produced by Eurostat. The data that is released monthly on Eurostat's free dissemination database include price indices themselves as well as their rates of change as monthly, annual and 12-month moving average changes. In addition to the headline figure, the all-items HICP, around one hundred sub-indices for different goods and services and over thirty special aggregates are made available. The relative weights for the indices, including the special aggregates, are published for the individual countries and for the country groups. An early estimate of the overall inflation rate for the euro area, as well as estimates for its four main components, are published in a news release monthly, usually on the last working day of the reference month. They are called HICP flash estimates. 

CLASS_SYSTEM The HICPs are classified according to the four-digit categories and sub-categories of the COICOP/HICP (Classification of individual consumption by purpose adapted to the needs of HICPs). There are also a set of special aggregates, which combine indices in a different way than the standard COICOP. Main COICOP/HICP headings:00. All-items (global index)01. Food and non-alcoholic beverages02. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco03. Clothing and footwear04. Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels05. Furnishings, Household equipment and routine maintenance of the house06. Health07. Transport08. Communication09. Recreation and culture10. Education11. Restaurants and Hotels12. Miscellaneous goods and services Examples of special aggregates:- Energy - Food, alcohol and tobacco - All items excluding energy - All items excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco

STAT_CONC_DEF The published data is as follows: Monthly data:- Indices (HICP 2005=100, HICP: 1996=100, HICP at constant taxes 2005=100)- Annual rates of change- Monthly rates of change- 12-month average rate of change Annual data:- Average index and rate of change- Country weights- Item weights

STAT_UNIT Each published index or rate of change refers to the 'final monetary consumption expenditure' of the whole household sector of the corresponding geographical entity.

STAT_POP The target statistical universe is the 'household final monetary consumption expenditure' (HFMCE) within the economic territories of the countries compiling the HICP. The household sector to which the definition refers includes all individuals or groups of individuals irrespective of, in particular, the type of area in which they live, their position in the income distribution and their nationality or residence status. These definitions follow the national account concepts in the European System of Accounts (ESA 1995). HICPs comprise all products and services purchased in monetary transactions by households within the territory of a country; those by both resident and non-resident households (i.e. 'domestic concept').

REF_AREA European Union (EU), euro area (European Monetary Union), European Economic Area (EEA), EU Member States, Iceland, Norway Switzerland, Turkey and the USA.

BASE_PER HICPs are produced and published using a common index reference period (2005=100). A set of monthly HICP series using 1996 as reference year (1996=100) is also available.

UNIT_MEASURE Following units are used: Index (unitless, however, the HICP can be thought of as the amount the average consumer would have to spend in a given year to buy the same basic goods and services that one would have to pay 100 monetary units for in the base period.) Percentage change on the same period of the previous year (rates) Percentage change on the previous month (rates) Percentage share of the total (weights).

    • Unit of measure
      • 0 Moving 12 months average rate of change
    • Classification of individual consumption by purpose (COICOP)
      • 00 All-items HICP
      • 01 Food and non-alcoholic beverages
      • 02 Food
      • 03 Bread and cereals
      • 04 Rice
      • 05 Flours and other cereals
      • 06 Bread
      • 07 Other bakery products
      • 08 Pizza and quiche
      • 09 Pasta products and couscous
      • 0a Breakfast cereals
      • 0b Other cereal products
      • 0c Meat
      • 0d Beef and veal
      • 0e Pork
      • 0f Lamb and goat
      • 0g Poultry
      • 0h Other meats
      • 0i Edible offal
      • 0j Dried, salted or smoked meat
      • 0k Other meat preparations
      • 0l Fish and seafood
      • 0m Fresh or chilled fish
      • 0n Frozen fish
      • 0o Fresh or chilled seafood
      • 0p Frozen seafood
      • 0q Dried, smoked or salted fish and seafood
      • 0r Other preserved or processed fish and seafood and fish and seafood preparations
      • 0s Milk, cheese and eggs
      • 0t Fresh whole milk
      • 0u Fresh low fat milk
      • 0v Preserved milk
      • 0w Yoghurt
      • 0x Cheese and curd
      • 0y Other milk products
      • 0z Eggs
      • 10 Oils and fats
      • 11 Butter
      • 12 Margarine and other vegetable fats
      • 13 Olive oil
      • 14 Other edible oils
      • 15 Other edible animal fats
      • 16 Fruit
      • 17 Fresh or chilled fruit
      • 18 Frozen fruit
      • 19 Dried fruit and nuts
      • 1a Preserved fruit and fruit-based products
      • 1b Vegetables
      • 1c Fresh or chilled vegetables other than potatoes and other tubers
      • 1d Frozen vegetables other than potatoes and other tubers
      • 1e Dried vegetables, other preserved or processed vegetables
      • 1f Potatoes
      • 1g Crisps
      • 1h Other tubers and products of tuber vegetables
      • 1i Sugar, jam, honey, chocolate and confectionery
      • 1j Sugar
      • 1k Jams, marmalades and honey
      • 1l Chocolate
      • 1m Confectionery products
      • 1n Edible ices and ice cream
      • 1o Artificial sugar substitutes
      • 1p Food products n.e.c.
      • 1q Sauces, condiments
      • 1r Salt, spices and culinary herbs
      • 1s Baby food
      • 1t Ready-made meals
      • 1u Other food products n.e.c.
      • 1v Non-alcoholic beverages
      • 1w Coffee, tea and cocoa
      • 1x Coffee
      • 1y Tea
      • 1z Cocoa and powdered chocolate
      • 20 Mineral waters, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable juices
      • 21 Mineral or spring waters
      • 22 Soft drinks
      • 23 Fruit and vegetables juices
      • 24 Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
      • 25 Alcoholic beverages
      • 26 Spirits
      • 27 Spirits and liqueurs
      • 28 Alcoholic soft drinks
      • 29 Wine
      • 2a Wine from grapes
      • 2b Wine from other fruits
      • 2c Fortified wines
      • 2d Wine-based drinks
      • 2e Beer
      • 2f Lager beer
      • 2g Other alcoholic beer
      • 2h Low and non-alcoholic beer
      • 2i Beer-based drinks
      • 2j Tobacco
      • 2k Cigarettes
      • 2l Cigars
      • 2m Other tobacco products
      • 2n Clothing and footwear
      • 2o Clothing
      • 2p Clothing materials
      • 2q Garments
      • 2r Garments for men
      • 2s Garments for women
      • 2t Garments for infants (0 to 2 years) and children (3 to 13 years)
      • 2u Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories
      • 2v Other articles of clothing
      • 2w Clothing accessories
      • 2x Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing
      • 2y Cleaning of clothing
      • 2z Repair and hire of clothing
      • 30 Footwear
      • 31 Shoes and other footwear
      • 32 Footwear for men
      • 33 Footwear for women
      • 34 Footwear for infants and children
      • 35 Repair and hire of footwear
      • 36 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
      • 37 Actual rentals for housing
      • 38 Actual rentals paid by tenants
      • 39 Other actual rentals
      • 3a Actual rentals paid by tenants for secondary residences
      • 3b Garage rentals and other rentals paid by tenants
      • 3c Maintenance and repair of the dwelling
      • 3d Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling
      • 3e Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling
      • 3f Services of plumbers
      • 3g Services of electricians
      • 3h Maintenance services for heating systems
      • 3i Services of painters
      • 3j Services of carpenters
      • 3k Other services for maintenance and repair of the dwelling
      • 3l Water supply and miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling
      • 3m Water supply
      • 3n Refuse collection
      • 3o Sewerage collection
      • 3p Other services relating to the dwelling n.e.c.
      • 3q Maintenance charges in multi-occupied buildings
      • 3r Security services
      • 3s Other services related to dwelling
      • 3t Electricity, gas and other fuels
      • 3u Electricity
      • 3v Gas
      • 3w Natural gas and town gas
      • 3x Liquefied hydrocarbons (butane, propane, etc.)
      • 3y Liquid fuels
      • 3z Solid fuels
      • 40 Coal
      • 41 Other solid fuels
      • 42 Heat energy
      • 43 Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance
      • 44 Furniture and furnishings, carpets and other floor coverings
      • 45 Furniture and furnishings
      • 46 Household furniture
      • 47 Garden furniture
      • 48 Lighting equipment
      • 49 Other furniture and furnishings
      • 4a Carpets and other floor coverings
      • 4b Carpet and rugs
      • 4c Other floor coverings
      • 4d Services of laying of fitted carpets and floor coverings
      • 4e Repair of furniture, furnishings and floor coverings
      • 4f Household textiles
      • 4g Furnishings fabrics and curtains
      • 4h Bed linen
      • 4i Table linen and bathroom linen
      • 4j Repair of household textiles
      • 4k Other household textiles
      • 4l Household appliances
      • 4m Major household appliances whether electric or not and small electric household appliances
      • 4n Major household appliances whether electric or not
      • 4o Refrigerators, freezers and fridge-freezers
      • 4p Clothes washing machines, clothes drying machines and dish washing machines
      • 4q Cookers
      • 4r Heaters, air conditioners
      • 4s Cleaning equipment
      • 4t Other major household appliances
      • 4u Small electric household appliances
      • 4v Food processing appliances
      • 4w Coffee machines, tea-makers and similar appliances
      • 4x Irons
      • 4y Toasters and grills
      • 4z Other small electric household appliances
      • 50 Repair of household appliances
      • 51 Glassware, tableware and household utensils
      • 52 Glassware, crystal-ware, ceramic ware and chinaware
      • 53 Cutlery, flatware and silverware
      • 54 Non-electric kitchen utensils and articles
      • 55 Repair of glassware, tableware and household utensils
      • 56 Tools and equipment for house and garden
      • 57 Major tools and equipment
      • 58 Motorized major tools and equipment
      • 59 Repair, leasing and rental of major tools and equipment
      • 5a Small tools and miscellaneous accessories
      • 5b Non-motorised small tools
      • 5c Miscellaneous small tool accessories
      • 5d Repair of non-motorised small tools and miscellaneous accessories
      • 5e Goods and services for routine household maintenance
      • 5f Non-durable household goods
      • 5g Cleaning and maintenance products
      • 5h Other non-durable small household articles
      • 5i Domestic services and household services
      • 5j Domestic services by paid staff
      • 5k Cleaning services
      • 5l Hire of furniture and furnishings
      • 5m Other domestic services and household services
      • 5n Health
      • 5o Medical products, appliances and equipment
      • 5p Pharmaceutical products
      • 5q Other medical products, therapeutic appliances and equipment
      • 5r Other medical products
      • 5s Pregnancy tests and mechanical contraceptive devices
      • 5t Other medical products n.e.c.
      • 5u Therapeutic appliances and equipment
      • 5v Corrective eye-glasses and contact lenses
      • 5w Hearing aids
      • 5x Repair of therapeutic appliances and equipment
      • 5y Other therapeutic appliances and equipment
      • 5z Out-patient services
      • 60 Medical services and paramedical services
      • 61 Medical services
      • 62 General practice
      • 63 Specialist practice
      • 64 Dental services
      • 65 Paramedical services
      • 66 Services of medical analysis laboratories and X-ray centres
      • 67 Thermal-baths, corrective-gymnastic therapy, ambulance and hire of therapeutic equipment
      • 68 Other paramedical services
      • 69 Hospital services
      • 6a Transport
      • 6b Purchase of vehicles
      • 6c Motor cars
      • 6d New motor cars
      • 6e Second-hand motor cars
      • 6f Motor cycles, bicycles and animal drawn vehicles
      • 6g Motor cycles
      • 6h Bicycles
      • 6i Operation of personal transport equipment
      • 6j Spare parts and accessories for personal transport equipment
      • 6k Tyres
      • 6l Spare parts for personal transport equipment
      • 6m Accessories for personal transport equipment
      • 6n Fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment
      • 6o Diesel
      • 6p Petrol
      • 6q Other fuels for personal transport equipment
      • 6r Lubricants
      • 6s Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment
      • 6t Other services in respect of personal transport equipment
      • 6u Hire of garages, parking spaces and personal transport equipment
      • 6v Toll facilities and parking meters
      • 6w Driving lessons, tests, licences and road worthiness tests
      • 6x Transport services
      • 6y Passenger transport by railway
      • 6z Passenger transport by train
      • 70 Passenger transport by underground and tram
      • 71 Passenger transport by road
      • 72 Passenger transport by bus and coach
      • 73 Passenger transport by taxi and hired car with driver
      • 74 Passenger transport by air
      • 75 Domestic flights
      • 76 International flights
      • 77 Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway
      • 78 Passenger transport by sea
      • 79 Passenger transport by inland waterway
      • 7a Combined passenger transport
      • 7b Other purchased transport services
      • 7c Funicular, cable-car and chair-lift transport
      • 7d Removal and storage services
      • 7e Other purchased transport services n.e.c.
      • 7f Communications
      • 7g Postal services
      • 7h Letter handling services
      • 7i Other postal services
      • 7j Telephone and telefax equipment and services
      • 7k Telephone and telefax equipment
      • 7l Fixed telephone equipment
      • 7m Mobile telephone equipment
      • 7n Other equipment of telephone and telefax equipment
      • 7o Repair of telephone or telefax equipment
      • 7p Telephone and telefax services
      • 7q Wired telephone services
      • 7r Wireless telephone services
      • 7s Internet access provision services
      • 7t Bundled telecommunication services
      • 7u Other information transmission services
      • 7v Recreation and culture
      • 7w Audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment
      • 7x Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and picture
      • 7y Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound
      • 7z Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and vision
      • 80 Portable sound and vision devices
      • 81 Other equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and picture
      • 82 Photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments
      • 83 Cameras
      • 84 Accessories for photographic and cinematographic equipment
      • 85 Optical instruments
      • 86 Information processing equipment
      • 87 Personal computers
      • 88 Accessories for information processing equipment
      • 89 Software
      • 8a Calculators and other information processing equipment
      • 8b Recording media
      • 8c Pre-recorded recording media
      • 8d Unrecorded recording media
      • 8e Other recording media
      • 8f Repair of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment
      • 8g Other major durables for recreation and culture
      • 8h Major durables for indoor and outdoor recreation including musical instruments
      • 8i Major durables for outdoor recreation
      • 8j Camper vans, caravans and trailers
      • 8k Aeroplanes, microlight aircraft, gliders, hang-gliders and hot-air balloons
      • 8l Boats, outboard motors and fitting out of boats
      • 8m Horses, ponies and accessories
      • 8n Major items for games and sport
      • 8o Musical instruments and major durables for indoor recreation
      • 8p Musical instruments
      • 8q Major durables for indoor recreation
      • 8r Maintenance and repair of other major durables for recreation and culture
      • 8s Other recreational items and equipment, gardens and pets
      • 8t Games, toys and hobbies
      • 8u Games and hobbies
      • 8v Toys and celebration articles
      • 8w Equipment for sport, camping and open-air recreation
      • 8x Equipment for sport
      • 8y Equipment for camping and open-air recreation
      • 8z Repair of equipment for sport, camping and open-air recreation
      • 90 Gardens, plants and flowers
      • 91 Garden products
      • 92 Plants and flowers
      • 93 Pets and related products; veterinary and other services for pets
      • 94 Pets and related products
      • 95 Purchase of pets
      • 96 Products for pets
      • 97 Veterinary and other services for pets
      • 98 Recreational and cultural services
      • 99 Recreational and sporting services
      • 9a Recreational and sporting services - Attendance
      • 9b Recreational and sporting services - Participation
      • 9c Cultural services
      • 9d Cinemas, theatres, concerts
      • 9e Museums, libraries, zoological gardens
      • 9f Television and radio licence fees, subscriptions
      • 9g Hire of equipment and accessories for culture
      • 9h Photographic services
      • 9i Other cultural services
      • 9j Newspapers, books and stationery
      • 9k Books
      • 9l Fiction books
      • 9m Educational text books
      • 9n Other non-fiction books
      • 9o Binding services and E-book downloads
      • 9p Newspapers and periodicals
      • 9q Newspapers
      • 9r Magazines and periodicals
      • 9s Miscellaneous printed matter; stationery and drawing materials
      • 9t Miscellaneous printed matter
      • 9u Stationery and drawing materials
      • 9v Paper products
      • 9w Other stationery and drawing materials
      • 9x Package holidays
      • 9y Package domestic holidays
      • 9z Package international holidays
      • a0 Education
      • a1 Pre-primary and primary education
      • a2 Pre-primary education
      • a3 Primary education
      • a4 Secondary education
      • a5 Post-secondary non-tertiary education
      • a6 Tertiary education
      • a7 Education not definable by level
      • a8 Restaurants and hotels
      • a9 Catering services
      • aa Restaurants, cafés and the like
      • ab Restaurants, cafés and dancing establishments
      • ac Fast food and take away food services
      • ad Canteens
      • ae Accommodation services
      • af Hotels, motels, inns and similar accommodation services
      • ag Holiday centres, camping sites, youth hostels and similar accommodation services
      • ah Accommodation services of other establishments
      • ai Miscellaneous goods and services
      • aj Personal care
      • ak Hairdressing salons and personal grooming establishments
      • al Hairdressing for men and children
      • am Hairdressing for women
      • an Personal grooming treatments
      • ao Electrical appliances for personal care; other appliances, articles and products for personal care
      • ap Electrical appliances for personal care
      • aq Electric appliances for personal care
      • ar Repair of electric appliances for personal care
      • as Other appliances, articles and products for personal care
      • at Non-electrical appliances
      • au Articles for personal hygiene and wellness, esoteric products and beauty products
      • av Personal effects n.e.c.
      • aw Jewellery, clocks and watches
      • ax Jewellery
      • ay Clocks and watches
      • az Repair of jewellery, clocks and watches
      • b0 Other personal effects
      • b1 Travel goods
      • b2 Articles for babies
      • b3 Repair of other personal effects
      • b4 Other personal effects n.e.c.
      • b5 Social protection
      • b6 Child care services
      • b7 Retirement homes for elderly persons and residences for disabled persons
      • b8 Services to maintain people in their private homes
      • b9 Counselling
      • ba Insurance
      • bb Insurance connected with the dwelling
      • bc Insurance connected with health
      • bd Private insurance connected with health
      • be Insurance connected with transport
      • bf Motor vehicle insurance
      • bg Travel insurance
      • bh Other insurance
      • bi Financial services n.e.c.
      • bj Charges by banks and post offices
      • bk Fees and service charges of brokers, investment counsellors
      • bl Other services n.e.c.
      • bm Administrative fees
      • bn Legal services and accountancy
      • bo Funeral services
      • bp Other fees and services
      • bq Goods (overall index excluding services)
      • br Food including alcohol and tobacco
      • bs Processed food including alcohol and tobacco
      • bt Processed food excluding alcohol and tobacco
      • bu Unprocessed food
      • bv Seasonal food
      • bw Industrial goods
      • bx Non-energy industrial goods
      • by Non-energy industrial goods, durables only
      • bz Non-energy industrial goods, semi-durables only
      • c0 Non-energy industrial goods, non-durables only
      • c1 Energy
      • c2 Electricity, gas, solid fuels and heat energy
      • c3 Liquid fuels and fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment
      • c4 Services (overall index excluding goods)
      • c5 Services related to communication
      • c6 Services related to housing
      • c7 Services - miscellaneous
      • c8 Services related to recreation, including repairs and personal care
      • c9 Services related to recreation and personal care, excluding package holidays and accommodation
      • ca Services related to package holidays and accommodation
      • cb Services related to transport
      • cc Energy and unprocessed food
      • cd Energy and seasonal food
      • ce Education, health and social protection
      • cf Frequent out-of-pocket purchases
      • cg Overall index excluding seasonal food
      • ch Overall index excluding alcohol and tobacco
      • ci Overall index excluding tobacco
      • cj Overall index excluding energy
      • ck Overall index excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco
      • cl Overall index excluding energy and unprocessed food
      • cm Overall index excluding energy and seasonal food
      • cn Overall index excluding liquid fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment
      • co Overall index excluding housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
      • cp Overall index excluding education, health and social protection
      • cq Overall index excluding frequent out-of-pocket purchases
      • cr Administered prices
      • cs Administered prices, energy
      • ct Administered prices, non-energy
      • cu Fully administered prices
      • cv Mainly administered prices
      • cw Overall index excluding administered prices
      • cx Overall index excluding fully administered prices
      • cy Overall index excluding mainly administered prices
    • Geopolitical entity (reporting)
      • 00 European Union (EU6-1958, EU9-1973, EU10-1981, EU12-1986, EU15-1995, EU25-2004, EU27-2007, EU28-2013, EU27-2020)
      • 01 European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)
      • 02 European Union - 28 countries (2013-2020)
      • 03 Euro area (EA11-1999, EA12-2001, EA13-2007, EA15-2008, EA16-2009, EA17-2011, EA18-2014, EA19-2015, EA20-2023)
      • 04 Euro area – 20 countries (from 2023)
      • 05 Euro area - 19 countries (2015-2022)
      • 06 Belgium
      • 07 Bulgaria
      • 08 Czechia
      • 09 Denmark
      • 0a Germany
      • 0b Estonia
      • 0c Ireland
      • 0d Greece
      • 0e Spain
      • 0f France
      • 0g Croatia
      • 0h Italy
      • 0i Cyprus
      • 0j Latvia
      • 0k Lithuania
      • 0l Luxembourg
      • 0m Hungary
      • 0n Malta
      • 0o Netherlands
      • 0p Austria
      • 0q Poland
      • 0r Portugal
      • 0s Romania
      • 0t Slovenia
      • 0u Slovakia
      • 0v Finland
      • 0w Sweden
      • 0x European Economic Area (EEA18-1995, EEA28-2004, EEA30-2007, EEA31-2013, EEA30-2020)
      • 0y Iceland
      • 0z Norway
      • 10 Switzerland
      • 11 United Kingdom
      • 12 Montenegro
      • 13 North Macedonia
      • 14 Albania
      • 15 Serbia
      • 16 Türkiye
      • 17 Kosovo*
      • 18 United States