01 Population density of the core area (inhabitants per km2)
02 Population density of the hinterland area (inhabitants per km2)
Metropolitan area total land area
03 Metropolitan area total land area
04 Metropolitan area core land area
05 Core land area as a share of the total metropolitan land area
06 Metropolitan area hinterland land area
07 Hinterland land area as a share of the total metropolitan land area
Urbanised area (built-up area or land for urban use in km2)
08 Urbanised area (built-up area or land for urban use in km2)
09 Urbanised area of the core area (km2)
0a Urbanised area of the hinterland area (km2)
0b Urbanised area per capita (m2 per capita)
0c Average population size of local governments
0d Territorial fragmentation (local governments per 100 000 inhabitants)
0e Local governments (count)
0f Polycentricity (1=yes, 0=no)
Population and area
Population, all ages, administrative data
0g Population, all ages, administrative data
0h Population of the core area
0i Population of the hinterland area
0j Growth/shrinking index of the total population (2001=100)
0k Population of the metropolitan area as a share of the national population
0l Youth population group (0-14)
0m Working age population group (15-64)
0n Elderly population group (65+)
0o Youth dependency ratio (-15 over population 15-64)
0p Elderly dependency ratio (65+ over population 15-64)
Labour
0q Labour force (15-64 years old)
Participation rate (labour force 15-64 over population 15-64)
0r Participation rate (labour force 15-64 over population 15-64)
0s Participation rate growth index (2001=100), 15-64 years old
0t Participation rate growth index (2007=100), 15-64 years old
0u Employment (15-64 years old)
Employment rate (employment 15-64 over population 15-64)
0v Employment rate (employment 15-64 over population 15-64)
0w Employment rate growth index (2001=100), 15-64 years old
0x Employment rate growth index (2007=100), 15-64 years old
0y Unemployment (15-64 years old)
Unemployment rate (unemployment 15-64 over labour force 15-64)
0z Unemployment rate (unemployment 15-64 over labour force 15-64)
10 Unemployment rate growth index (2007=100), 15-64 years old
11 Labour force (15 years old and over)
Participation rate (labour force 15+ over population 15+)
12 Participation rate (labour force 15+ over population 15+)
13 Participation rate growth index (2001=100), 15 years old and over
14 Participation rate growth index (2007=100), 15 years old and over
15 Employment (15 years old and over)
Employment rate (employment 15+ over population 15+)
16 Employment rate (employment 15+ over population 15+)
17 Employment rate growth index (2001=100), 15 years old and over
18 Employment rate growth index (2007=100), 15 years old and over
19 Unemployment (15 years old and over)
Unemployment rate (unemployment 15+ over labour force 15+)
1a Unemployment rate (unemployment 15+ over labour force 15+)
1b Unemployment rate growth index (2007=100), 15 years old and over
Economy
1c GDP (Million USD, constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2015)
1d GDP of the metropolitan area as a share of the national GDP
1e GDP per capita (USD, constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2015)
1f Employment at place of work
1g Labour productivity (GDP per worker in USD, constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2015)
Income distribution
1h Gini (at disposable income, after taxes and transfers)
1i Disposable Income per equivalised household (in USD constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2010)
1j Poverty rate after taxes and transfers, poverty line 60%
Digitalization
1k Share of households having access to cable (CATV)
1l Share of households having a downloading speed of at least 30 Mbits/s
1m Share of households having a downloading/uploading speed of at least 100/10 Mbits/s
1n Share of households having a downloading/uploading speed of at least 1000/100 Mbits/s
1o Share of households having a downloading/uploading speed of at least 25/3 Mbits/s
1p Share of households having a downloading/uploading speed of at least 250/25 Mbits/s
1q Share of households having access to fiber (FTTH, FTTB)
1r Share of households having access to Wi-MAX
1s Share of households having access to ADSL, SDSL, or HDSL
Crime
1t Annual reported homicides
1u Homicide rate (reported homicides per 100,000 inhabitants)
Environment
Air pollution
Mean population exposure to PM2.5 air pollution
1v Mean population exposure to PM2.5 air pollution
1w Mean population exposure to PM2.5 air pollution in the city
Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 5 µg/m3
1x Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 5 µg/m3
1y Share of population in the city exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 5 µg/m3
Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 10 µg/m3
1z Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 10 µg/m3
20 Share of population in the city exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 10 µg/m3
Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 15 µg/m3
21 Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 15 µg/m3
22 Share of population in the city exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 15 µg/m3
Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 25 µg/m3
23 Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 25 µg/m3
24 Share of population in the city exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 25 µg/m3
Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 35 µg/m3
25 Share of population exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 35 µg/m3
26 Share of population in the city exposed to a level of PM2.5 above 35 µg/m3
27 Total protected area, including all IUCN management categories (in km2)
28 Protected area, as a share of the metropolitan land area
29 Total coastal protected area (protected area located within 50km from the coast, in km2)
2a Coastal protected area, as a share of the metropolitan land area
Access to public transport: Share of population having access to a public transport stop within 10 minutes
2b Access to public transport: Share of population having access to a public transport stop within 10 minutes
2c Share of population having access to a metro or tram stop within 10 minutes
2d Share of population having access to a bus stop within 10 minutes
Green areas
2e Share of green areas in FUA's urban centres
2f Green area per capita (in sqm per capita)
2g Tree cover, as a share of the metropolitan core area
Climate hazards
Flooding
River flooding
Population exposure to river flooding
2h Share of population exposed to river flooding, 10-year return period
2i Share of population exposed to river flooding, 20-year return period
2j Share of population esposed to river flooding, 50-year return period
2k Share of population exposed to river flooding, 100-year return period
Built-up area exposed to river flooding
2l Share of built-up area exposed to river flooding, 10-year return period
2m Share of built-up area exposed to river flooding, 20-year return period
2n Share of built-up area exposed to river flooding, 50-year return period
2o Share of built-up area exposed to river flooding, 100-year return period
Coastal flooding
Population exposure to coastal flooding
2p Share of population exposed to coastal flooding, 10-year return period
2q Share of population exposed to coastal flooding, 25-year return period
2r Share of population esposed to coastal flooding, 50-year return period
2s Share of population exposed to coastal flooding, 100-year return period
Built-up area exposed to coastal flooding
2t Share of built-up area exposed to coastal flooding, 10-year return period
2u Share of built-up area exposed to coastal flooding, 25-year return period
2v Share of built-up area exposed to coastal flooding, 50-year return period
2w Share of built-up area exposed to coastal flooding, 100-year return period
Heat stress
2x 32°C)
2y 38°C)
2z 46°C)
30 32°C) compared to the 1981-2010 average
31 38°C) compared to the 1981-2010 average
32 46°C) compared to the 1981-2010 average
Wildfires
33 Share of population exposed to at least one forest fire
34 Area burned as a share of total area
35 Built-up area burned as a share of total built-up area
Urban heat island
36 Daytime urban heat island: difference in land surface temperature (in °C) between the built-up area and its surroundings
37 Nightime urban heat island: difference in land surface temperature (in °C) between the built-up area and its surroundings
38 Summer daytime urban heat island: difference in land surface temperature (in °C) between the built-up area and its surroundings
39 Summer nighttime urban heat island: difference in land surface temperature (in °C) between the built-up area and its surroundings
Heating and cooling degree days
3a Cooling degree days (Sum over a year of the differences between the daily mean outdoor air temperature and the threshold temperature (22°C) when the daily mean outdoor temperature is above 22°C)
3b Heating degree days (Sum over a year of the differences between the threshold temperature (15.5°C) and the daily mean outdoor temperature when the daily mean outdoor temperature is below 15.5°C)
3c Additional cooling degree days, compared to 1981-2010
3d Additional heating degree days, compared to 1981-2010
Land use
Built-up area per capita (in sqm per capita)
3e Built-up area per capita (in sqm per capita)
3f Built-up area per capita in the city (in sqm per capita)
3g Built-up area per capita in the commuting zone (in sqm per capita)
Residential area per capita (in sqm per capita)
3h Residential area per capita (in sqm per capita)
3i Residential area per capita in the city (in sqm per capita)
3j Residential area per capita in the commuting zone (in sqm per capita)
Commercial area per capita (in sqm per capita)
3k Commercial area per capita (in sqm per capita)
3l Commercial area per capita in the city (in sqm per capita)
3m Commercial area per capita in the commuting zone (in sqm per capita)
3n Average building height (in m)
3o Average building height in the city (in m)
3p Average building height in the commuting zone (in m)
Metropolitan areas
methods, notes and classification
Variables