Public expenditure on education by education level and programme orientation - as % of public expenditure or % of GNI
methods, notes and classification
Unit of measure0 Percentage of gross national income (GNI)1 Percentage of total public expenditure International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 2011)0 Early childhood education1 Early childhood educational development2 Pre-primary to tertiary education3 Pre-primary education4 Primary and lower secondary education (levels 1 and 2)5 Primary education6 Lower secondary education7 Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4)8 Upper secondary education9 Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education - general (levels 34 and 44)a Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education - vocational (levels 35 and 45)b Post-secondary non-tertiary educationc Tertiary education (levels 5-8)d Not elsewhere classified Geopolitical entity (reporting)0 European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)1 European Union - 28 countries (2013-2020)2 Belgium3 Bulgaria4 Czechia5 Denmark6 Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG)7 Estonia8 Ireland9 Greecea Spainb Francec Croatiad Italye Cyprusf Latviag Lithuaniah Luxembourgi Hungaryj Maltak Netherlandsl Austriam Polandn Portugalo Romaniap Sloveniaq Slovakiar Finlands Swedent Icelandu Liechtensteinv Norwayw Switzerlandx United Kingdomy Serbiaz Türkiye